Hamaker Constants in Integrated Circuit Metallization

20 May 2024 | Publications

A new method for determining Hamaker constants was examinedfor materials of interest in integrated circuit manufacture. Anultra-high vacuum atomic force microscope and an atomic force microscopeoperated in a nitrogen environment were used to measurethe interaction forces between metals,...

A Theoretical and Experimental Study of Surface Forces in Adhesion of Particles to Thin Films

20 May 2024 | Publications

The interactions between micron- and nano-particles and rough surfaces are of great importance and have numerous applications in surface science and biotechnology. It is essential to have estimates of surface/intermolecular forces between interacting bodies to describe and to manipulate the...

Hopper Segregation

20 May 2024 | Animations

The Particulate Sciences Laboratory at Purdue University investigates the mixing and segregation of binary and multi-component granular materials. Solids mixing, also known as blending, is a common processing operation used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products. The intent of mixing...

Inter- and Intra- Tablet Coating Variability

20 May 2024 | Animations

Tablets are coated for a number of reasons, the most important of which is controlling the release profiles and bioavailability of the active pharmaceutical ingredient. The amount of coating on the surface of a tablet is critical to the effectiveness of the oral dosage form.Tablets are usually...

Visualization of Particle-Based Computer Data

20 May 2024 | Series

The ParticleVis software system offers full-featured visualization of discrete element method (DEM) computer data for real-time 3D rendering of large sets of particle states. ParticleVis capabilities include:adjustable lighting conditions and camera viewing characteristics,options to display...